One may say that The Open Society AND Its Enemies (OS) offered in 1945 the first complete elaboration of the general approach proposed by Karl Popper, namely his ‘critical rationalism’, a bold generalization of the fallibilist falsificationism in the domain of the empirical sciences masterly proposed in Logik der Forschung (1934). The political content of The OS has been critically discussed. Nevertheless, not all people insist on the equally important moral dimension of the book, giving it its unity, I submit. Without morality, no critical discussion, no reason, no open society, let us say in a nutshell. I would argue that according to Popper, a strictly Christian morality of love would not be the appropriate emotional companion of critical rationalism, but that the less demANDing moral emotion of sympathy or compassion is perhaps necessary to give it its force against violence. I give some support to this line of argument. In my view, Popper proposed a somewhat unarticulated critical rationalist ‘emotivism’ of sorts. The emotion of compassion is necessary for triggering our moral decisions AND values, which are the ultimate basis of the choice for a reason against violence.

I have previously argued that human flourishing partly consists in the ability to exercise essential human capacities, many of which are non-distinctive AND shared with other animals. The concept of flourishing is itself species-specific. Thus, the development of essential capacities (human AND nonhuman) comprises a large part of the goods that we ought to promote. Problems about the definition of ‘essential’ are discussed, as are related issues about whether there are necessary AND sufficient conditions for the correct use of sortal universal terms. The relation of the exercise of essential capacities to basic needs is investigated, AND the essential nature of the human capacity for meaningful work, which has been disputed by John White, is defended. Finally, some suggestions are offered about what the proponents of the capabilities approach might derive from that of essential capacities.

The polite listener In EnglAND stares at the speaker attentively AND blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That eye-blink says nothing to Americans, who expect the listener to nod or to murmur something such as "mm - hmm”. AND in some parts of  Far East, it is impolite to look at the other person at all during conversation.It is often argued that, in teaching foreign languages, culture AND language are interwoven in a way that it is not possible to present language without its culture. However, until a new method of teaching language, called communicative approach, which is sociolinguistically oriented, had not come into existence, this belief was not used to be observed in textbooks AND language classes. This method intends to create situations in the classroom in which foreign language can be used as naturally AND authentically as the native speakers of target language use it for communicative purposes.The problem of teaching culture, nevertheless, does not end here. Nowadays, foreign languages are taught with different AND varied objectives. Is it necessary for all foreign language learners to get familiar with the culture of foreign language they are supposed to learn? As Schumann (1984) claims, is it true that second language learning is impossible, unless one gives up his/her own native culture AND adopts the culture of foreign language community? What are some relevant issues regarding teaching English in Iran? These are actually some basic questions raised in this article. Whereas definite answers are not necessarily provided in this paper, some areas of research related to culture, AND teaching foreign language are put forward.

In Kant AND the Problem of Metaphysics (KPM), Heidegger shows how the initial image-making power of the imagination is pictorial in the pure image of time. He further clarifies the recognized link between the syntheses AND the time-visualizing power of images which is pictorial formative power, which can visualize time. The three syntheses of imagination are replaced with the modes of existence of Dasein. Three kinds of photographs resemble the images produced when the transcendental imagination functions as Dasein. We can address the ways to visualize time by considering Dasein with a photographic preoccupation through 1. A possible look in the form of presentation (a photograph shows an immediate look of a house or person as intuitable this-here); 2. An immediate look of the thing, house, or deceased person, as well as a copy or its reproduction as a death mask; AND, 3. The manner of contemplation of a likeness is an immediate look of a being present in the form of representation.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day stANDard using curve fitting models for genetic AND management practices. Individual curves do not have a stANDard shape in all cases, AND can deviate from the stANDard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, AND type of fitted models. These non-stANDard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing AND reversed stANDards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) AND Pollott (biological), on 7659 AND 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 AND 776 first calving Iranian Simmental AND Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) AND decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of stANDard curves from the Pollott AND Wood models were 85.5% AND 62.2% for Simmental, AND 83.1% AND 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% AND 16.9%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed stANDard was the most (22.3% AND 16.5%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of stANDardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

Background: The expansion of the use of audio AND video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural AND economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct AND validate a questionnaire on physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational AND confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online AND virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical AND psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions AND 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel AND neck syndrome SMS) AND has good reliability, validity AND flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion AND Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify AND study the physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones.

2The current research was conducted with the aim of compiling AND validating the educational package of the 10th grade religion AND life lesson based on Choice Theory. The research method for the stage of designing AND compiling the educational package was descriptive-analytical method mixed . The main themes of the training package AND the time required for training were taken from written sources such as the model of G schools AND internal AND external research projects. To validate the package, while using the face validity method, the content validity method was used in a qualitative AND quantitative way. It was used with a panel of 14 experts. 14 experts were considered as the statistical population, 10 of them were in the field of psychology, two were in the field of curriculum planning, AND two were in the field of education. In addition, two relative coefficients of content validity AND content validity index were used. The minimum AND maximum relative content validity coefficients for each item of the package were calculated as 1 AND 0.71, AND the content validity index in most sessions reached the number (0.85) for all goals in the educational protocol. The results revealed that the educational package of the Religion AND Life lesson based on Choice Theory for 10th grade students have good formal AND content validity AND has the necessary validity for educational applications AND research use.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different culture mediums based on the Walne medium on the growth rate, chemical composition, AND fatty acid (FA) profile in I. galbana AND N. oculata. This experiment was done in a factorial design with two culture media (Walne AND modified Walne media) AND two microalgae species, including I. galbana AND N. oculata. The results showed that the modified culture medium increased total AND daily fresh AND dried biomass production of I. galbana AND N. oculata. Modified culture media increased crude fat (CF) AND crude protein (CP) content AND total AND daily lipid production in both the studied species. However, in both the studied culture mediums, N. oculata had higher growth AND production performance compared to I. galbana. Modified growth media also affects the FA profiles of the studied microalgae species. Total saturated AND unsaturated FA content was not influenced by the growth medium but modified media increased poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) at the expense of mono unsaturated FA (MUFA). Omega- 3 FA content (linolenic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was increased as a result of the medium modification in both species. However, linoleic acid content was affected differently in I. galbana AND N. oculata. The linoleic acid concentration was reduced in modified medium grown N. oculata but increased in I. galbana. Palmitic acid AND stearic acid contents were also decreased in both of the studied species in the modified medium. This study develops microalgal cultivation using a modified Walne medium for higher CP, CF, EPA, DHA contents, the ratio of omega3: omega6 FA, AND biomass production in N. oculata AND I. galbana microalgae.Microalgae species can produce oil AND protein in non-cultivable lANDs, reducing the need for defrosting AND can have an important role in reducing carbon foot-print of animal production. One of the most valuable products of microalgae is their oil, which ranges from 20 to 50% of the dry weight of microalgae (Brennan AND Owende 2010; Leonga et al. 2018). The I. galbana is often grown on farms to produce oils that contain large amounts of PUFA rich in omega-3 long chain FA, such as EPA AND DHA (Gouveia et al. 2008). Species of the genus N. oculata are also known to be rich in EPA (Kagan et al. 2014; Borges et al. 2016). Factors such as nutrient quantity AND quality, light, pH, turbulence, salinity, AND temperature are the most important parameters on which, the growth of microalgae depends (Lavens AND Sorgeloos 1996; Converti et al. 2009; Emmanuel AND Nelson 2016). Vitamins regulate biochemical reactions in microalgae (Hakalin et al. 2014) AND the growth rate of some microalgae species is highly dependent on some the vitamins such as cobalamin, biotin AND thiamine (TANDon et al. 2017). However, the effect of vitamins on the growth, diversity, AND productivity of microalgae has been poorly studied (Arif et al. 2019). The effects of different Nitrogen AND phosphorus concentration as the main limiting nutrients on growth performance AND biomass production of I. galbana AND N. oculata had been evaluated previously (ANDersen 2005; Zarrinmehr et al. 2020). However, there was not any report about effects of modifying the availability of culture medium sources of nitrogen AND phosphorus. In the composition of the Walne medium, No3-, Po4-, AND Cl- are considered as anions, AND Na+, Mn+, Co+, Zn+, AND Cu+ are considered as cations. Cations chelating anions AND making them less available to microalgae. So, we hypothesize that changing the concentration of cations in the culture media, without increasing the concentration of N AND P sources, will change the availability of anionic compounds for microalgae AND consequently affects microalgal production AND composition. Therefore, the effects of lower levels of cations including ZnCl2, CoCl2. 6H2O, (NH4)6Mn7O24, AND CuSo4. 5H2O AND higher levels of B1 AND B12 vitamin in Walne medium on the growth rate, biomass production performance, chemical composition, AND fatty acid profile of I. galbana AND N. oculata, were investigated in this study. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different culture mediums based on the Walne medium on the growth rate, chemical composition, AND fatty acid (FA) profile in I. galbana AND N. oculata. This experiment was done in a factorial design with two culture media (Walne AND modified Walne media) AND two microalgae species, including I. galbana AND N. oculata. The results showed that the modified culture medium increased total AND daily fresh AND dried biomass production of I. galbana AND N. oculata. Modified culture media increased crude fat (CF) AND crude protein (CP) content AND total AND daily lipid production in both the studied species. However, in both the studied culture mediums, N. oculata had higher growth AND production performance compared to I. galbana. Modified growth media also affects the FA profiles of the studied microalgae species. Total saturated AND unsaturated FA content was not influenced by the growth medium but modified media increased poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) at the expense of mono unsaturated FA (MUFA). Omega- 3 FA content (linolenic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was increased as a result of the medium modification in both species. However, linoleic acid content was affected differently in I. galbana AND N. oculata. The linoleic acid concentration was reduced in modified medium grown N. oculata but increased in I. galbana. Palmitic acid AND stearic acid contents were also decreased in both of the studied species in the modified medium. This study develops microalgal cultivation using a modified Walne medium for higher CP, CF, EPA, DHA contents, the ratio of omega3: omega6 FA, AND biomass production in N. oculata AND I. galbana microalgae.

To investigate the effect of vermicompost, N fertilizer AND their integration on growth, biological AND essential yields oil AND its components in two populations (Varamin AND Isfahan), an experiment was conducted in a rANDomized complete block design with three replications in the field of Isfahan Medicinal Plants Research Center in 2016. Fertilizer treatments including 100% urea, vermicompost 33.3 AND urea 66.6%, vermicompost 66.6 AND urea 33.3%, 100% vermicompost AND control treatment (without fertilizer) as the first factor AND Varamin AND Isfahan populations as the second factor were selected. The results showed that the interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer AND populations on all studied traits were significant. In both populations, nitrogen fertilizer improved height, biological AND essential oil yields, content of essential oil compounds (d-Carvone AND its yield, α-phellANDrene AND linalool; except p-Cymene AND Limonene in Isfahan population). Since in medicinal plants, the quantity (biological yield) AND quality (essential oil AND d-Carvone; the most important ingredient AND the highest amount of essential oil in this experiment), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea in Varamin population, was the best treatment in the experiment. In addition an in the direction of human health AND sustainable agriculture, it is possible to reduce 33% of chemical fertilizers application AND pollution; however, in terms of other essential oil contents (α-phellANDrene, Linalool AND p-Cymene), 100% vermicompost fertilizer treatment was superior in Isfahan population.

The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the internet.  Today we tend to take the internet for granted AND it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the internet.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the internet, since Popper died before the internet came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the internet.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the internet.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the internet age. Teaching in the internet age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.